Los Retos del ecocineen nuestras Americas
Rastros del Buen vivir en Terra Sublevada
Palavras-chave:
Good Life; sustainable communities; Indigenous cultures; political documentaries; short films; ecocinema; ecocriticism; ecological imagination; dissident gaze; digital production; challenges
Resumo
La investigación ecocrítica dedicada al cine es escasa y sin embargo se hace necesaria frente al fenómeno de los new media y una creciente producción de documentales, videos y películas de tema ambiental. Es un cine con conciencia ecológica en el continente americano que expresa la relación de los seres humanos con el medio natural. Esbozaré algunos retos claves: la apertura de fronteras de la producción mediática de comunidades biodiversas, y los alcances de esta apertura cultural como una activación de la imaginación ecológica, como una forma de filmar la noción de “Buen Vivir” fuera de los modelos de desarrollo y crecimiento económico. Analizaré algunos documentales y cortos políticos en relación al “Buen Vivir”, tanto en la construcción de una mirada disidente, solidaria, como en el desenmascaramiento de las guerras por los recursos naturales. ¿Es el rol del ecocine ser un medio para superar fronteras y obstáculos para el “Buen Vivir”? ¿Un lugar para captar la experiencia capaz de producir un conocimiento situado, contingente, pero resistente a la globalización economicista? ¿Qué posibilidades alternativas de producción y distribución tiene el ecocine? ¿Se potencian las culturas indígenas con el ecocine? Por último, ¿cuáles podrían ser sus puntos de resonancia en el campo cultural y educativo?
Referências
ARANA ZEGARRA, M. Los recursos naturales como mercancía/Natural resources as merchandise. In: Territorios y recursos naturales: el saqueo versus el buen vivir/Territories and Natural Resources: Plunder versus Good Life by B. Delen. Quito: Agencia Latinoamericana de Información (ALAI), 2008, p. 11-15.
CÓRDOVA, A. and J.F. Salazar. Imperfect media and the poetics of indigenous video in Latin America. P. Wilson and M. Stewart (Ed.) Global indigenous media: Cultures, Poetics, and Politics. Durham and London: Duke University Press, 2008, p. 39-57.
DE LA CADENA, M. Indigenous cosmopolitics in the Andes: Conceptual Reflections beyond “Politics’’. Cultural Anthropology. Anthro Source: 2010, p. 334-370.
DE Nadie. Direção: Tim Dirdamal. México, 2006. (82 min.).
FATHEUER, T. Buen Vivir: A brief introduction to Latin America’s new concepts for the good life and the rights of nature. Berlin: Heinrich Böll Stiftung/Publication Series on Ecology, vol.17. Translator: John Hayduska, 2011. Disponível em: http://www.boell.de/publications/latin-america-buen-vivir-12636.html. Acesso em: 2 Jan 2012.
FORNS-BROGGI, R. Ecocinema and ‘Good Life’ in Latin America. Tommy Gustafsson and Pietari Kääpä (Ed.) Transnational Ecocinema: Film culture in an era of ecological transformation. London-Chicago: University of Chicago Press-Intellect, 2013, p. 85-100.
FORNS-BROGGI, R. Nudos como estrellas. ABC de la imaginación ecológica en nuestras Américas. Lima: Editorial Nido de Cuervos, 2012.
JUNGLE tattoo. Direção: FORNS-BROGGI, R. 1 video (5:35 min.). Disponível em: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n5sCf14_ZUM. Acesso em: 10 de Julio, 2009.
FORNS-BROGGI, R. The Bird’s dream. In: ASLE (Association for Studies of Literature and Environment), Ninth Biennial Conference, 2011‘Species, Space and the Imagination of the Global’, University of Indiana: Bloomington, 2011, 21-26 June.
TATUAJE de selva. Direção: FORNS-BROGGI, R. 1 video (5:34 min.). Disponível em: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LYHcezJZD90. Acesso em: 10 de julio, 2009.
FORNS-BROGGI, R. The House of Wisdom. In: After the war: Life post-Yugoslavia. A million movies a minute. 2006.
SIN Nombre. Direção: FUKUNAGA, Cary J. US/México, 2009. (96 min.).
GARRARD, G. Ecocriticism. The Year’s Work in Critical and Cultural Theory, 18, 2010, p. 1-35. Disponível em: ywcct.oxfordjournals.org at Aurary Library. Acesso em: 3 de noviembre, 2010.
GUDYNAS, Eduardo. Buen vivir: germinando alternativas al desarrollo. América Latina en Movimiento, ALAI, No. 462 (febrero 2011). Disponível em: http://alainet.org/publica/462.phtml
GUDYNAS, Eduardo. Tensiones, contradicciones y oportunidades de la dimensión ambiental del Buen Vivir. In: Ivonne Farah H. y Luciano Vasapollo (Ed.). Vivir bien: ¿Paradigma no capitalista? La Paz, Bolivia: CIDES - UMSA y Plural, 2011. 231-246.
GUDYNAS, E. and A. Acosta. El buen vivir más allá del desarrollo. Quehacer (Lima, Perú) 181 (2011):70-81.
HAVRÁNEK, V. The documentary: Ontology of forms in transforming countries. Lind, M. and H. Steyerl (Ed.). In: The Green Room: Reconsidering the documentary and contemporary art. Berlin and New York: Stenberg Press/Center for Curatorial Studies at Bard College (CCS Bard), 2008, p. 128-143.
HEISE, U. Sense of place and sense of planet: The environmental imagination of the global. New York-Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008.
IVAKHIV, Adrian. Green film criticism and its futures. In: ISLE (Interdisciplinary Studies in Literature and Environment, 15.2 (Summer 2008), p.1-28.
IVAKHIV, Adrian. The anthrobiogeomorphic machine: Stalking the zone of cinema. Film Philosopjy, 15.1.2011, p.118-139.
JENKINS, Henry. Confronting the challenges of participatory culture: Media Education for the 21st Century. The MacArthur Foundation Media initiative. Disponível em: http://www.henryjenkins.org/2006/10/confronting_the_challenges_of.html.pdf
JENKINS, Henry. Nine propositions towards a cultural theory of You Tube. Disponível em: http://henryjenkins.org. Acesso em: May 28, 2007.
KRICHER, J. The balance of nature: Ecology’s enduring myth. Princeton and Oxford: Princeton University Press, 2009.
LI, F. When pollution comes to matter: Science and olitics in transnational mining. Ph.D. thesis. Davis: University of California, 2009.
LU, S. H. and J. Mi (Ed.). Chinese ecocinema in the age of environmental challenge. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press, 2009.
LU, Sheldon H. Introduction: Cinema, ecology, modernity. In: LU, Sheldon H. y JIAYAN Mi. (Ed.). Chinese ecocinema in the age of environmental challenge. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press, 2009.
MACDONALD, Scott. Towards an eco-cinema. In: ISLE (Interdisciplinary Studies in Literature and Environment) 11.2 (2004): p.107-132.
MCCLENNEN, S. The theory and practice of the Peruvian grupo Chaski. Jump Cut. A Review of Contemporary Media, 2008. Disponível em: http://www.jumpcut.org/archive/jc50.2008.Chaski/index.html. Acesso em: 15 Feb 2012.
NIE, Jing. A city of disappearance: Trauma, displacement, and spectral cityscape in contemporary Chinese cinema. In: LU, Sheldon H. y JIAYAN, Mi (Ed.). Chinese ecocinema in the age of environmental challenge. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press, 2009. p.195-213.
EL llanto de la tierra/The cry of the earth. Direção: Lucio Olmos. 2008. (7min.). Disponível em: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PUS69Ev6HwE. Accesso em: 14 Oct 2011.
OVERING, J & A. Passes (Ed.). The anthropology of love and anger: The aesthetics of conviviality in native Amazonia. London and New York: Routledge/Taylor & Francis Group, 2000.
NORTEADO. Direção: Rigoberto Perezcano. México: 2008. (93 min.).
LA Jaula de oro. Direção: Diego Quemada-Díez. México/España: 2013. (110 min.).
RIVERA CUSICANQUI, Silvia. Ch’ixinakax Utxiwa: Una reflexión sobre las prácticas y discuross descolonizdores. Buenos Aires: Tinta Limón, 2010.
ROMBES, Nicholas. Cinema in the digital age. London-New York: Wallflower Press, 2009.
SALGADO, F. Sumaq Kawsay: The birth of a notion. Cadernos EBAPE.BR. 8.2.2010, p. 198-208. Disponível em: http://dx.dol.org/10.1590/S1679-39512010000200002. Accesso em: 30 Dec 2011.
SCHIWY, F. Indianizing film: Decolonization, the Andes and the question of technology. New Brunswick, NJ and London: Rutgers University Press, 2009.
SIEBERGELD, Jerome. Façades: The new Beijing and the unsettled ecology of Jia Zhangke’s ‘The World’. In: LU, Sheldon H. y JIAYAN Mi (Ed.). Chinese ecocinema in the age of environmental challenge. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press, 2009. p.113-127.
SMAILL, B. The Documentary: Politics, emotion, culture. London: Palgrave MacMillan, 2010.
TIERRA sublevada: Parte 1. Oro impuro/Land in revolt: Part One, Impure gold. Direção: Fernando E. Solanas. Gold. 2009. Disponível em: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Cl8wmDizLWo. Accesso em: 27 Sept 2011.
ÜXÜF Xipay - El despojo/The plunder. Direção: Dauno Tóroto. Disponível em: http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=1337356709020319057. Accesso em: 12 Oct 2010.
WALLJASPER, Jay. A field guide to the commons: How to save the economy, the environment, the internet, democracy, our communities, and everything else that belong to all of us. New York-London: The New Press, 2010.
LAGUNA negra/Black lagoon. Direção: Michael Watts. 2009. Disponível em: http://www.cultureunplugged.com/documentary/watch-online/festival/play/6225/Laguna-Negra. Accesso em: 14 Sept 2011.
ZHANG, Hongbing. Ruins and grassroots: Jia Zhangke’s cinematic discontents in the age of globalization. In: LU, Sheldon H. y JIAYAN Mi (Ed.). Chinese ecocinema in the age of environmental challenge. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press, 2009. P.129-153.
EL mundo. Direção: Jia Zhangke, China/Japón/Francia, 2004. (143 min.).
CÓRDOVA, A. and J.F. Salazar. Imperfect media and the poetics of indigenous video in Latin America. P. Wilson and M. Stewart (Ed.) Global indigenous media: Cultures, Poetics, and Politics. Durham and London: Duke University Press, 2008, p. 39-57.
DE LA CADENA, M. Indigenous cosmopolitics in the Andes: Conceptual Reflections beyond “Politics’’. Cultural Anthropology. Anthro Source: 2010, p. 334-370.
DE Nadie. Direção: Tim Dirdamal. México, 2006. (82 min.).
FATHEUER, T. Buen Vivir: A brief introduction to Latin America’s new concepts for the good life and the rights of nature. Berlin: Heinrich Böll Stiftung/Publication Series on Ecology, vol.17. Translator: John Hayduska, 2011. Disponível em: http://www.boell.de/publications/latin-america-buen-vivir-12636.html. Acesso em: 2 Jan 2012.
FORNS-BROGGI, R. Ecocinema and ‘Good Life’ in Latin America. Tommy Gustafsson and Pietari Kääpä (Ed.) Transnational Ecocinema: Film culture in an era of ecological transformation. London-Chicago: University of Chicago Press-Intellect, 2013, p. 85-100.
FORNS-BROGGI, R. Nudos como estrellas. ABC de la imaginación ecológica en nuestras Américas. Lima: Editorial Nido de Cuervos, 2012.
JUNGLE tattoo. Direção: FORNS-BROGGI, R. 1 video (5:35 min.). Disponível em: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n5sCf14_ZUM. Acesso em: 10 de Julio, 2009.
FORNS-BROGGI, R. The Bird’s dream. In: ASLE (Association for Studies of Literature and Environment), Ninth Biennial Conference, 2011‘Species, Space and the Imagination of the Global’, University of Indiana: Bloomington, 2011, 21-26 June.
TATUAJE de selva. Direção: FORNS-BROGGI, R. 1 video (5:34 min.). Disponível em: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LYHcezJZD90. Acesso em: 10 de julio, 2009.
FORNS-BROGGI, R. The House of Wisdom. In: After the war: Life post-Yugoslavia. A million movies a minute. 2006.
SIN Nombre. Direção: FUKUNAGA, Cary J. US/México, 2009. (96 min.).
GARRARD, G. Ecocriticism. The Year’s Work in Critical and Cultural Theory, 18, 2010, p. 1-35. Disponível em: ywcct.oxfordjournals.org at Aurary Library. Acesso em: 3 de noviembre, 2010.
GUDYNAS, Eduardo. Buen vivir: germinando alternativas al desarrollo. América Latina en Movimiento, ALAI, No. 462 (febrero 2011). Disponível em: http://alainet.org/publica/462.phtml
GUDYNAS, Eduardo. Tensiones, contradicciones y oportunidades de la dimensión ambiental del Buen Vivir. In: Ivonne Farah H. y Luciano Vasapollo (Ed.). Vivir bien: ¿Paradigma no capitalista? La Paz, Bolivia: CIDES - UMSA y Plural, 2011. 231-246.
GUDYNAS, E. and A. Acosta. El buen vivir más allá del desarrollo. Quehacer (Lima, Perú) 181 (2011):70-81.
HAVRÁNEK, V. The documentary: Ontology of forms in transforming countries. Lind, M. and H. Steyerl (Ed.). In: The Green Room: Reconsidering the documentary and contemporary art. Berlin and New York: Stenberg Press/Center for Curatorial Studies at Bard College (CCS Bard), 2008, p. 128-143.
HEISE, U. Sense of place and sense of planet: The environmental imagination of the global. New York-Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008.
IVAKHIV, Adrian. Green film criticism and its futures. In: ISLE (Interdisciplinary Studies in Literature and Environment, 15.2 (Summer 2008), p.1-28.
IVAKHIV, Adrian. The anthrobiogeomorphic machine: Stalking the zone of cinema. Film Philosopjy, 15.1.2011, p.118-139.
JENKINS, Henry. Confronting the challenges of participatory culture: Media Education for the 21st Century. The MacArthur Foundation Media initiative. Disponível em: http://www.henryjenkins.org/2006/10/confronting_the_challenges_of.html.pdf
JENKINS, Henry. Nine propositions towards a cultural theory of You Tube. Disponível em: http://henryjenkins.org. Acesso em: May 28, 2007.
KRICHER, J. The balance of nature: Ecology’s enduring myth. Princeton and Oxford: Princeton University Press, 2009.
LI, F. When pollution comes to matter: Science and olitics in transnational mining. Ph.D. thesis. Davis: University of California, 2009.
LU, S. H. and J. Mi (Ed.). Chinese ecocinema in the age of environmental challenge. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press, 2009.
LU, Sheldon H. Introduction: Cinema, ecology, modernity. In: LU, Sheldon H. y JIAYAN Mi. (Ed.). Chinese ecocinema in the age of environmental challenge. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press, 2009.
MACDONALD, Scott. Towards an eco-cinema. In: ISLE (Interdisciplinary Studies in Literature and Environment) 11.2 (2004): p.107-132.
MCCLENNEN, S. The theory and practice of the Peruvian grupo Chaski. Jump Cut. A Review of Contemporary Media, 2008. Disponível em: http://www.jumpcut.org/archive/jc50.2008.Chaski/index.html. Acesso em: 15 Feb 2012.
NIE, Jing. A city of disappearance: Trauma, displacement, and spectral cityscape in contemporary Chinese cinema. In: LU, Sheldon H. y JIAYAN, Mi (Ed.). Chinese ecocinema in the age of environmental challenge. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press, 2009. p.195-213.
EL llanto de la tierra/The cry of the earth. Direção: Lucio Olmos. 2008. (7min.). Disponível em: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PUS69Ev6HwE. Accesso em: 14 Oct 2011.
OVERING, J & A. Passes (Ed.). The anthropology of love and anger: The aesthetics of conviviality in native Amazonia. London and New York: Routledge/Taylor & Francis Group, 2000.
NORTEADO. Direção: Rigoberto Perezcano. México: 2008. (93 min.).
LA Jaula de oro. Direção: Diego Quemada-Díez. México/España: 2013. (110 min.).
RIVERA CUSICANQUI, Silvia. Ch’ixinakax Utxiwa: Una reflexión sobre las prácticas y discuross descolonizdores. Buenos Aires: Tinta Limón, 2010.
ROMBES, Nicholas. Cinema in the digital age. London-New York: Wallflower Press, 2009.
SALGADO, F. Sumaq Kawsay: The birth of a notion. Cadernos EBAPE.BR. 8.2.2010, p. 198-208. Disponível em: http://dx.dol.org/10.1590/S1679-39512010000200002. Accesso em: 30 Dec 2011.
SCHIWY, F. Indianizing film: Decolonization, the Andes and the question of technology. New Brunswick, NJ and London: Rutgers University Press, 2009.
SIEBERGELD, Jerome. Façades: The new Beijing and the unsettled ecology of Jia Zhangke’s ‘The World’. In: LU, Sheldon H. y JIAYAN Mi (Ed.). Chinese ecocinema in the age of environmental challenge. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press, 2009. p.113-127.
SMAILL, B. The Documentary: Politics, emotion, culture. London: Palgrave MacMillan, 2010.
TIERRA sublevada: Parte 1. Oro impuro/Land in revolt: Part One, Impure gold. Direção: Fernando E. Solanas. Gold. 2009. Disponível em: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Cl8wmDizLWo. Accesso em: 27 Sept 2011.
ÜXÜF Xipay - El despojo/The plunder. Direção: Dauno Tóroto. Disponível em: http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=1337356709020319057. Accesso em: 12 Oct 2010.
WALLJASPER, Jay. A field guide to the commons: How to save the economy, the environment, the internet, democracy, our communities, and everything else that belong to all of us. New York-London: The New Press, 2010.
LAGUNA negra/Black lagoon. Direção: Michael Watts. 2009. Disponível em: http://www.cultureunplugged.com/documentary/watch-online/festival/play/6225/Laguna-Negra. Accesso em: 14 Sept 2011.
ZHANG, Hongbing. Ruins and grassroots: Jia Zhangke’s cinematic discontents in the age of globalization. In: LU, Sheldon H. y JIAYAN Mi (Ed.). Chinese ecocinema in the age of environmental challenge. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press, 2009. P.129-153.
EL mundo. Direção: Jia Zhangke, China/Japón/Francia, 2004. (143 min.).
Publicado
2022-01-15
Seção
Dossiê temático
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