Picturing Environmental Advocacy: Understanding the Role of Photography in a Campaign to Save Rivers in Bangladesh
:understanding the role of Photography in a Campaign to Save Rivers in Bangladesh
Resumo
Abstract
Located in the Ganges-Brahmaputra delta, Dhaka, the capital of Bangladesh, is surrounded by five major rivers, which offer a means of transportation and communications to millions of people. Rapid urbanization and uncontrolled population growth, however, have caused the city to expand without efficient urban planning. As some rivers become polluted by chemical waste, others are affected by river shore encroachment and land grabbing. To save Dhaka’s rivers, several initiatives were undertaken including an advocacy campaign by the news media. In 2009, the national daily newspaper of Bangladesh, The Daily Star, initiated an advocacy campaign to protect the rivers. As part of the campaign, the newspaper published a significant number of photographs depicting the deteriorating conditions of the rivers. In this study, twenty-five of the photographs were analyzed as representative of the campaign. Combining Giblett’s theory of photography for environmental sustainability with the method of content analysis, the article analyzes the effectiveness of photography used in the environmental campaign “Save Our Rivers, Save Sonar Bangla,” coordinated by The Daily Star.
Referências
Works Cited
“4 DCs Start River Work, Wait for HC Order.” The Daily Star, 11 July 2009, archive.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=96387
“90K Cubic Metres Untreated Waste Dumped into Rivers Daily: Poba.” The Daily Star, 21 March 2014, http://www.thedailystar.net/90k-cubic-metresuntreated-waste-dumped-into-rivers-daily-poba-16631
“A Tale of a Dying River.” January 2009. The Daily Star, vol. 4, no. 1, http://archive.thedailystar.net/forum/2013/January/photo.htm
“All Dhaka Rivers Left ‘Dead’.” The Daily Star, 27 April 2009, http://archive.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=
“An Afternoon of Deliberation, Promises.” The Daily Star, 2 June 2009, http://archive.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=90834
“Balu Filled Up for A ‘Bridge’.” The Daily Star, 5 May 2011, http://archive.thedailystar.net/newDesign/print_news.php?nid=184274
“Balu River Filled by RAJUK.” The Daily Star, 23 February 2012, http://archive.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=223565
“Black Water.” The Daily Star, 3 November 2009, http://archive.thedailystar.net/forum/2009/november/ffeature.htm
“Buriganga: The Lost Legacy.” BD Chronicle, n.d, http://www.bdchronicle.com/photo/detail/36
“Burnt Oil, Dyeing Chemicals Dumped into Buriganga.” The Daily Star, 3 July 2009, http://archive.thedailystar.net/newDesign/newsdetails.php?nid=95244
Cracknell, J. “Issue Arenas, Pressure Groups and Environmental Agendas.” The Mass Media and Environmental Issues, edited by A. Hansen. Leicester University Press, 1993.
Cox, J. R. Environmental Communication and The Public Sphere. 2nd ed. Sage Publications, 2010.
-----. Environmental Communication and The Public Sphere. 3rd ed. Sage Publications, 2013.
DeLuca, Kevin Michael, and Anne Teresa Demo. “Imaging Nature: Watkins, Yosemite, and the Birth of Environmentalism.” Critical Studies in Media Communication, vol. 17, no. 3, 2000, pp. 241–260.
“Dhaka Metropolitan Development Plan: Strategic Environmental Assessment.”
World Bank, 1 July 2007, http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2007/07/17207304/dhakametropolitan-development-plan-strategic-environmental-assessment
“Dhaka Rivers to Get Thinner.” The Daily Star, 12 April 2011, http://archive.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=181407
“Don't Lease Out River Lands, Minister Tells Dcs.” The Daily Star, 10 July 2014, http://www.thedailystar.net/dont-lease-out-river-lands-ministertells-dcs-32741
“DU Teachers, Students Join Campaign to Save Rivers.” The Daily Star, 20 June 2009,
http://archive.thedailystar.net/newDesign/print_news.php?nid=93345
“Dying Rivers Threaten Dhaka.” The Daily Star, 2 August 2011, http://archive.thedailystar.net/suppliments/2011/rivers_still_on_deathbed/pg01.h tm
“Encroachment Removal Starts Today.” The Daily Star, 3 June, 2009, http://archive.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=91038
Faisal, I. M., et al. “The Disastrous Flood of 1998 and Long Term Mitigation Strategies for Dhaka City.” Flood Problems and Management in South Asia, edited by M. Monirul Qader Mirza, et al. Springer, 2003, pp. 85−99.
Ferdous, J. Advocacy Karjo Podhoti Shomporkae Akti Dharona Potro. Mass-line Media Centre, 2003.
Hansen, A. Environment, Media and Communication. Routledge, 2010.
“For Endearing Environment.” The Daily Star, 12 June 2012, http://archive.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=238518
“Free Buriganga Drive from Next Week and Demolition on Shitalakkhya, Turag Continues.” The Daily Star, 12 June 2009, archive.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=92205
“Fresh Grabbing Narrows Turag.” The Daily Star, 28 December 2011, archive.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=215934
“Get Cops to Stop River Pollution.” The Daily Star, 5 May 2010, http://archive.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=137049
Giblett, Rod. Landscapes of Culture and Nature. Palgrave Macmillan, 2009.
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Giblett, Rod, and Juha Tolonen. Photography and Landscape. Intellect, 2012.
Haque, Ashfara. The Role of a Newspaper in An Advocacy Campaign to Save Dhaka’s Rivers in Bangladesh. Master’s Thesis, 2015. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/1716
“HC Orders Ignored.” The Daily Star, 21 April 2014, www.thedailystar.net/hc-orders-ignored-20885
“How Dhaka Expands.” The Daily Star, 2 August 2011, http://archive.thedailystar.net/suppliments/2011/rivers_still_on_deathbed/pg05.h tm
Hutchins, Brett, and Libby Lester. “Introduction: Tree-Sitting in the Network Society.” Environmental Conflict and the Media, edited by Libby Lester and Brett Hutchins, Peter Lang, 2013, pp. 1–18.
Islam, Md Shahidul, et al. “Changes in Wetland in Dhaka City: Tends and Physico-Environmental Consequences.” Journal of Life Earth Science, vol. 5, 2010, pp. 37–42.
“JS Body Moves to Save Grabbed Rivers.” The Daily Star, 26 May 2009, http://archive.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=89870
Kamal, A. S. M. Maksud and Saburoh Midorikawa. “GIS-based Geomorphological Mapping Using Remote Sensing Data and Supplementary Geoinformation. A Case Study of The Dhaka City Area, Bangladesh.” International Journal of Applied Earth Observations and Geoinformation, vol. 6, no. 2, 2004, pp. 111–125.
Khan, A. “Viewpoint: The Media’s Role in Global And Local Environmental Governance.” Media Asia, vol. 37, no. 1, 2010, pp. 21–27.
“Killing of a River.” The Daily Star, 1 April 2011, http://archive.thedailystar.net/newDesign/print_news.php?nid=180017
“Lawmakers Pledge to Save Rivers.” The Daily Star, 2 June 2009, http://archive.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=90814
Lester, Libby. Media and Environment: Conflict, Politics and the News. Polity Press, 2010.
Newell, P. “The Mass Media and Environmental Issues.” The Ecologist, vol. 25, no. 4, 1995, 165.
“Nodi Bachao, Dhaka Bachao on Channel i.” The Daily Star, 17 August 2009, http://archive.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=101656
Parvin, Nazma, et al. (2010). “Quality of Water In Buriganga River And Self-Purification Capacity From A Point Source.” South Asian Water Environment, edited by Fukushi kurisu, et al. IWA Publishing, 2010, pp. 207−212.
“Poisoning a River to Death.” The Daily Star, 22 March 2014, http://www.thedailystar.net/poisoning-a-river-to-death-16683
“Pollution Kills Dhaka’s Rivers.” Reuters, 19 May 2009, https://www.reuters.com/video/watch/pollution-kills-dhakas-rivers-idftpo1235901105761
“Pollution Taking Its Hefty Toll.” The Daily Star, 2 August 2011, http://archive.thedailystar.net/suppliments/2011/rivers_still_on_deathbed/pg06.h tm
“RAB Office on Buriganga?” The Daily Star, 15 May 2011, http://www.thedailystar.net/story.php?nid=185701
Rahman, M. Anisur, and Dhia Al Bakri. “A Study on Selected Water Quality Para Meters Along the River Buriganga, Bangladesh.” Iranica Journal of Energy and Environment, vol. 1, no. 2, 2010, pp. 81–92.
“Raise Voice Against River Grabbing.” The Daily Star, 16 April 2011, http://archive.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=181813
Reza, S. M. Shameem, and Ashfara Haque. “Agenda Setting on Environmental Issues in Bangladesh Newspaper”. Social Science Review, vol. 28, no. 1, 2011, pp. 13–24.
-----. “Agenda Setting on Environment and Climate Change Issues in Bangladesh Newspapers: The Case of UN Climate Change Conference, Cancun.” Social Science Review, vol. 28, no. 2, 2011, pp. 1–14.
-----. “Campaigns on Local Environmental Issues in Bangladesh Newspapers.” Media Asia, vol. 38, no. 4, 2011, pp. 225–231.
“River Dredging.” The Daily Star, 2010 16 May 2010,
http://archive.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=138579
“River-Gobblers Must Be Defeated.” The Daily Star, 10 June 2009, http://archive.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=91969
“River Up for Grabs.” The Daily Star, 20 May 2014, http://www.thedailystar.net/river-up-for-grabs-24772
“Save Rivers, Save Dhaka!” The Daily Star, 7 June 2009, http://archive.thedailystar.net/newDesign/print_news.php?nid=91453
Singh, H. South Asia Defense and Strategic Year Book. Pentagon Press, 2010.
“Stop Dumping in Buriganga.” The Daily Star, 3 February 2010, http://archive.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=124651
Talib, M. A. “The Condition of Buriganga Deteriorating (Dhukche Buriganga).” Ittefaq. n.d.,
http://archive.ittefaq.com.bd/index.php?ref=MjBfMDJfMDFfMTRfMV8xXzFf MTA1NTky
“Toxic Tannery Waste Posing Health Risk.” The Daily Star, 28 May 2011, http://archive.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=187520
“Turag Close to Death.” The Daily Star, 12 July 2014, www.thedailystar.net/turag-close-to-death-32928
“Turag Pillars to Be Reset.” The Daily Star, 24 September 2011, http://archive.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=203716
“Turag Riverbank Land Use and Encroachment.” The Daily Star, 17 July 2010, archive.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=147012
“UNITE to Stop This Crime.” The Daily Star, 19 September 2014, www.thedailystar.net/unite-to-stop-this-crime-40758
“Why This Campaign?.” The Daily Star, 10 September 2014, http://www.thedailystar.net/why-this-campaign-40968
End Notes
1 Ashfara Haque is a media and communication researcher as well as an Adjunct Professor in Media Studies and Journalism at the University of Liberal Arts in Bangladesh. Email: ashfara2010@gmail.com
“4 DCs Start River Work, Wait for HC Order.” The Daily Star, 11 July 2009, archive.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=96387
“90K Cubic Metres Untreated Waste Dumped into Rivers Daily: Poba.” The Daily Star, 21 March 2014, http://www.thedailystar.net/90k-cubic-metresuntreated-waste-dumped-into-rivers-daily-poba-16631
“A Tale of a Dying River.” January 2009. The Daily Star, vol. 4, no. 1, http://archive.thedailystar.net/forum/2013/January/photo.htm
“All Dhaka Rivers Left ‘Dead’.” The Daily Star, 27 April 2009, http://archive.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=
“An Afternoon of Deliberation, Promises.” The Daily Star, 2 June 2009, http://archive.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=90834
“Balu Filled Up for A ‘Bridge’.” The Daily Star, 5 May 2011, http://archive.thedailystar.net/newDesign/print_news.php?nid=184274
“Balu River Filled by RAJUK.” The Daily Star, 23 February 2012, http://archive.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=223565
“Black Water.” The Daily Star, 3 November 2009, http://archive.thedailystar.net/forum/2009/november/ffeature.htm
“Buriganga: The Lost Legacy.” BD Chronicle, n.d, http://www.bdchronicle.com/photo/detail/36
“Burnt Oil, Dyeing Chemicals Dumped into Buriganga.” The Daily Star, 3 July 2009, http://archive.thedailystar.net/newDesign/newsdetails.php?nid=95244
Cracknell, J. “Issue Arenas, Pressure Groups and Environmental Agendas.” The Mass Media and Environmental Issues, edited by A. Hansen. Leicester University Press, 1993.
Cox, J. R. Environmental Communication and The Public Sphere. 2nd ed. Sage Publications, 2010.
-----. Environmental Communication and The Public Sphere. 3rd ed. Sage Publications, 2013.
DeLuca, Kevin Michael, and Anne Teresa Demo. “Imaging Nature: Watkins, Yosemite, and the Birth of Environmentalism.” Critical Studies in Media Communication, vol. 17, no. 3, 2000, pp. 241–260.
“Dhaka Metropolitan Development Plan: Strategic Environmental Assessment.”
World Bank, 1 July 2007, http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2007/07/17207304/dhakametropolitan-development-plan-strategic-environmental-assessment
“Dhaka Rivers to Get Thinner.” The Daily Star, 12 April 2011, http://archive.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=181407
“Don't Lease Out River Lands, Minister Tells Dcs.” The Daily Star, 10 July 2014, http://www.thedailystar.net/dont-lease-out-river-lands-ministertells-dcs-32741
“DU Teachers, Students Join Campaign to Save Rivers.” The Daily Star, 20 June 2009,
http://archive.thedailystar.net/newDesign/print_news.php?nid=93345
“Dying Rivers Threaten Dhaka.” The Daily Star, 2 August 2011, http://archive.thedailystar.net/suppliments/2011/rivers_still_on_deathbed/pg01.h tm
“Encroachment Removal Starts Today.” The Daily Star, 3 June, 2009, http://archive.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=91038
Faisal, I. M., et al. “The Disastrous Flood of 1998 and Long Term Mitigation Strategies for Dhaka City.” Flood Problems and Management in South Asia, edited by M. Monirul Qader Mirza, et al. Springer, 2003, pp. 85−99.
Ferdous, J. Advocacy Karjo Podhoti Shomporkae Akti Dharona Potro. Mass-line Media Centre, 2003.
Hansen, A. Environment, Media and Communication. Routledge, 2010.
“For Endearing Environment.” The Daily Star, 12 June 2012, http://archive.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=238518
“Free Buriganga Drive from Next Week and Demolition on Shitalakkhya, Turag Continues.” The Daily Star, 12 June 2009, archive.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=92205
“Fresh Grabbing Narrows Turag.” The Daily Star, 28 December 2011, archive.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=215934
“Get Cops to Stop River Pollution.” The Daily Star, 5 May 2010, http://archive.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=137049
Giblett, Rod. Landscapes of Culture and Nature. Palgrave Macmillan, 2009.
-----. People, Places of Nature and Culture. Intellect, 2011.
Giblett, Rod, and Juha Tolonen. Photography and Landscape. Intellect, 2012.
Haque, Ashfara. The Role of a Newspaper in An Advocacy Campaign to Save Dhaka’s Rivers in Bangladesh. Master’s Thesis, 2015. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/1716
“HC Orders Ignored.” The Daily Star, 21 April 2014, www.thedailystar.net/hc-orders-ignored-20885
“How Dhaka Expands.” The Daily Star, 2 August 2011, http://archive.thedailystar.net/suppliments/2011/rivers_still_on_deathbed/pg05.h tm
Hutchins, Brett, and Libby Lester. “Introduction: Tree-Sitting in the Network Society.” Environmental Conflict and the Media, edited by Libby Lester and Brett Hutchins, Peter Lang, 2013, pp. 1–18.
Islam, Md Shahidul, et al. “Changes in Wetland in Dhaka City: Tends and Physico-Environmental Consequences.” Journal of Life Earth Science, vol. 5, 2010, pp. 37–42.
“JS Body Moves to Save Grabbed Rivers.” The Daily Star, 26 May 2009, http://archive.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=89870
Kamal, A. S. M. Maksud and Saburoh Midorikawa. “GIS-based Geomorphological Mapping Using Remote Sensing Data and Supplementary Geoinformation. A Case Study of The Dhaka City Area, Bangladesh.” International Journal of Applied Earth Observations and Geoinformation, vol. 6, no. 2, 2004, pp. 111–125.
Khan, A. “Viewpoint: The Media’s Role in Global And Local Environmental Governance.” Media Asia, vol. 37, no. 1, 2010, pp. 21–27.
“Killing of a River.” The Daily Star, 1 April 2011, http://archive.thedailystar.net/newDesign/print_news.php?nid=180017
“Lawmakers Pledge to Save Rivers.” The Daily Star, 2 June 2009, http://archive.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=90814
Lester, Libby. Media and Environment: Conflict, Politics and the News. Polity Press, 2010.
Newell, P. “The Mass Media and Environmental Issues.” The Ecologist, vol. 25, no. 4, 1995, 165.
“Nodi Bachao, Dhaka Bachao on Channel i.” The Daily Star, 17 August 2009, http://archive.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=101656
Parvin, Nazma, et al. (2010). “Quality of Water In Buriganga River And Self-Purification Capacity From A Point Source.” South Asian Water Environment, edited by Fukushi kurisu, et al. IWA Publishing, 2010, pp. 207−212.
“Poisoning a River to Death.” The Daily Star, 22 March 2014, http://www.thedailystar.net/poisoning-a-river-to-death-16683
“Pollution Kills Dhaka’s Rivers.” Reuters, 19 May 2009, https://www.reuters.com/video/watch/pollution-kills-dhakas-rivers-idftpo1235901105761
“Pollution Taking Its Hefty Toll.” The Daily Star, 2 August 2011, http://archive.thedailystar.net/suppliments/2011/rivers_still_on_deathbed/pg06.h tm
“RAB Office on Buriganga?” The Daily Star, 15 May 2011, http://www.thedailystar.net/story.php?nid=185701
Rahman, M. Anisur, and Dhia Al Bakri. “A Study on Selected Water Quality Para Meters Along the River Buriganga, Bangladesh.” Iranica Journal of Energy and Environment, vol. 1, no. 2, 2010, pp. 81–92.
“Raise Voice Against River Grabbing.” The Daily Star, 16 April 2011, http://archive.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=181813
Reza, S. M. Shameem, and Ashfara Haque. “Agenda Setting on Environmental Issues in Bangladesh Newspaper”. Social Science Review, vol. 28, no. 1, 2011, pp. 13–24.
-----. “Agenda Setting on Environment and Climate Change Issues in Bangladesh Newspapers: The Case of UN Climate Change Conference, Cancun.” Social Science Review, vol. 28, no. 2, 2011, pp. 1–14.
-----. “Campaigns on Local Environmental Issues in Bangladesh Newspapers.” Media Asia, vol. 38, no. 4, 2011, pp. 225–231.
“River Dredging.” The Daily Star, 2010 16 May 2010,
http://archive.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=138579
“River-Gobblers Must Be Defeated.” The Daily Star, 10 June 2009, http://archive.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=91969
“River Up for Grabs.” The Daily Star, 20 May 2014, http://www.thedailystar.net/river-up-for-grabs-24772
“Save Rivers, Save Dhaka!” The Daily Star, 7 June 2009, http://archive.thedailystar.net/newDesign/print_news.php?nid=91453
Singh, H. South Asia Defense and Strategic Year Book. Pentagon Press, 2010.
“Stop Dumping in Buriganga.” The Daily Star, 3 February 2010, http://archive.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=124651
Talib, M. A. “The Condition of Buriganga Deteriorating (Dhukche Buriganga).” Ittefaq. n.d.,
http://archive.ittefaq.com.bd/index.php?ref=MjBfMDJfMDFfMTRfMV8xXzFf MTA1NTky
“Toxic Tannery Waste Posing Health Risk.” The Daily Star, 28 May 2011, http://archive.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=187520
“Turag Close to Death.” The Daily Star, 12 July 2014, www.thedailystar.net/turag-close-to-death-32928
“Turag Pillars to Be Reset.” The Daily Star, 24 September 2011, http://archive.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=203716
“Turag Riverbank Land Use and Encroachment.” The Daily Star, 17 July 2010, archive.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=147012
“UNITE to Stop This Crime.” The Daily Star, 19 September 2014, www.thedailystar.net/unite-to-stop-this-crime-40758
“Why This Campaign?.” The Daily Star, 10 September 2014, http://www.thedailystar.net/why-this-campaign-40968
End Notes
1 Ashfara Haque is a media and communication researcher as well as an Adjunct Professor in Media Studies and Journalism at the University of Liberal Arts in Bangladesh. Email: ashfara2010@gmail.com
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2022-03-02
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